![Endogenous CDNF affects the hemorrhagic lesion after ICH. A Photograph of representative films demonstrating temporal changes in CDNF protein in the naive striatum and ICH-affected striatum, at 3 h to 7 days post-ICH in SD rats, which were assessed using Western blotting. B Bar graph showing the relative levels of CDNF protein in the striatum of naïve rats and rats at 3 h, 6 h, 24 h, 72 h, and 7 days after ICH. Data were analyzed as repeated measures by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni corrections ( n = 4/time point). C Bar graph showing time course of CDNF mRNA levels in hemorrhagic striatum at 3 h to 7 days after ICH in SD rats. Data were analyzed as repeated measures by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni corrections ( n = 3/time point). D Representative coronal sections (1 mm thickness) showing brain hemorrhagic areas of WT and Cdnf − /− mice killed 3 days after ICH. E Lesion volume on days 3 ( n = 7–8, each group) post-ICH was determined by morphometric measurement. Data were analyzed as two-tailed Student’s t -test. F Volcano plot of gene expression profiles in hemorrhagic striatum collected after collagenase-induced ICH in WT and Cdnf -/- mice, showing distribution of significance [−log10(adjusted P value)] vs. fold change [log2(fold change)] for all genes. The blue dots indicate downregulated genes (fold change < −1.5, adjusted P val <0.05), the red dots indicate upregulated genes (fold change >1.5, adjusted P val <0.05), and the black dots indicate genes with no significant change post-ICH. * P < 0.05 by multiple comparisons using the Holm-Šidák method. Mean ± SEM is shown. Scale bars: 5 mm. Credit: Cell Death & Disease (2023). DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05520-2 A novel waste removal factor treats brain haemorrhage](https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/800a/2023/a-novel-waste-removal-1.jpg)
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